User blog comment:BannedLagiacrus/Discussion of the Week: Hunters/@comment-24941009-20180301143338/@comment-4640052-20180304215150

Not in game. It is a case of Gameplay and Story Segregation, there are hints of them being the ones that make sure the Guild rules are respected, in the manga it is mentioned that the Guild does send agents after illegal poachers and we like to analyse the visual cues within the game, so the small blades and guns on the belt of the Guild armor are interpreted as not used for hunting but for law enforcement, kinda like how a Comissar form WH40k may carry a small firearm not fit to fight space monsters but perfect for "diciplinary actions".

Sure, Monster Hunter is not Grim Dark, so you shouldn't think of them killing the illegal hunters, the setting is too Noble Bright for that, I imagine that they would just incapacitate the target with non-lethal shots and arrest them.